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There will always be a risk that something will go awry during construction projects. When something does go wrong, the result is usually costly time delays and mild to devastating additional material, labor, and damage costs.

As far as risk goes, most construction business owners view insurance as their first line of defense. Not that insurance isn’t an appropriate risk prevention tool, but it’s not always economically feasible or efficient to try and cover each and every possible risk with insurance. There are actually many risks that can be dealt with thorough the concepts of risk transfer, risk sharing, risk retention, risk control, risk prevention, and risk avoidance. Let’s look at some key points about each:

• Transfer of Risk.

  There are parties, aside from your own insurance, to which you might transfer the risk. The two most common risk transfers are through being named as an insured person on an alternative insurance contract, and through express indemnification clauses. When you’re named on another party’s insurance, their coverage extends to you.

  If you’re a general contractor, for example, then you might require the electrical contractor to name you on their liability policy. As long as the other party’s insurance covers the loss, your portion of any loss would be paid by the other party’s insurance policy.

  The second common method of transferring risk is through an express indemnification clause in a contract. This is also referred to as a hold harmless clause. There are three varying degrees of risk transfer. The type one indemnity clause, also called a broad form, states that the indemnitor (party that will be responsible for the loss) will hold the indemnitee (party that will be protected) harmless regardless of whether the loss was caused by the indemnitee.

  A type three clause, also called comparative fault, holds the indemnitor responsible for only the loss that they caused. The most common type of indemnification clause is the type two, also called the intermediate form. The indemnitor assumes all the risk unless the sole cause of the loss is fully attributable to the indemnitee. An example of a type two clause would be a general contractor agreeing to hold an owner harmless (regardless of whether the loss was partly caused by the owner) if the loss was caused in part or entirely by the contractor.

• Risk Sharing.

  There are often opportunities to share the risk with the other parties involved with the construction project. The contract should have a clause that stipulates each of the involved parties would be liable for those losses caused by his/her actions or inaction.

• Risk Retention.

  Whether they want to or not, all construction businesses are going to retain some of the more minor risks. It’s simply not monetarily feasible to cover every single risk with insurance. These minor retained risks, such as errors that cause a couple of days of redoing work, are funded from the operating budget. Insurance deductibles are another way that risk is retained. Just be sure that whatever risk is retained has a value and can be funded should a loss actually occur.

• Risk Avoidance.

  Although risks are often tempting, such as a supplier offering a cheaper material, most risks are best avoided. If you suspect that the cheaper material could be defective, then it simply makes better sense for you to put the longevity and reputation of your business first and avoid the risk.

• Risk Prevention.

  Risk prevention is a very broad topic with many elements, but the premise of the concept is taking action to avoid negative events from occurring in the first place. It’s usually very simple carelessness that causes accidents. So, risk prevention may include simple things like keeping passages free of debris and idle tools secure. Risk prevention should be an ongoing training program for employees, supervisors, and managers.

• Risk Control.

  Like risk prevention, risk control is a very broad topic with many elements, but the premise of the concept is reducing the amount of loss incurred during a negative event. A good example would be posting emergency response phone numbers so that immediate help can be called during an accident. Risk control should also be an ongoing training program for employees, supervisors, and managers.

Unfortunately, mishaps on construction sites are all too frequent. The combination of multiple activities with dozens or hundreds of people operating complex and dangerous equipment, often in poor or threatening weather, can easily result in accidental injuries to workers, clients, visitors, and onlookers, leading to litigation that could cost you millions – or even put you out of business.

Construction Liability insurance will pay for legal damages (and legal costs) for worksite accidents that cause; 1) loss, damage or destruction of property, and 2) physical injuries to third parties. Thanks to the explosive growth of lawsuits in the business world, almost all building contractors will need to show that they carry a Construction Liability policy before they’ll be allowed to bid for a job.

Contractors sometimes buy this coverage on a General Liability basis, up to the amount of the policy. However, they often prefer a policy that covers an individual project over a set time at a fixed dollar value, based on such factors as the number of workers or contract employees, and the size and nature of the operation. Some types of construction jobs – such as roofing, foundation work, and high- rise or large scale commercial projects with more workers per site – are more risky than others.

Your Construction Liability policy will probably set maximum amounts both on a “per incident” basis and for “umbrella” coverage. It should also include Personal and Professional liability for acts by company owners and managers, and cover damages from fire and medical-related claims from incidents on the job site that don’t fall under a standard Workers Compensation policy.

We’d be happy to review your firm’s exposure to the construction-related liability risks you face and recommend a comprehensive protection package that can help give you peace of mind on the job.

No discipline breaks down faster on a job site than traffic control and storage space.  The turf wars and project inertia follow.  Democracy is a poor way to run traffic control.  This regulation requires a czar, one person responsible for and with the authority to sheriff this aspect of sites.

Traffic management concerns efficiency and safety.  Done well, the job is enhanced; done poorly, the job crashes to a halt.

Begin by surveying the surrounding roads which service the site.  Are any noteworthy conditions present:

• Steep grades leading into the site: can they be avoided with an alternate route?

• Schools, factories, shopping malls, or any high traffic area or regular high pulse traffic events need to be time mapped and routes or delivery schedules altered, especially large, heavy or wide loads.

• Where are the frequently used pedestrian areas?

• Tolls or gates present?

• What is the speed limit on the site exit roadway?  Do you need traffic control?

• Where do you have entrance options?

• Are there any overly sensitive stakeholder neighbors like environmental protection or historical areas?

• Is any street work scheduled not associated with your site?

These questions will guide a logical approach, entrance, exit and departure strategy.

Review the site plan.  Will heavy or long trucks have the same access to storage as the smaller and lighter trucks?  Are there critical pinch points that need to remain clear?  Some general rules for devising a plan:

• Avoid exiting a site within one hundred feet of a traffic light.  That’s a traffic jam begging to happen.

• Minimize backing up on site.

• Minimize truck traffic through worker foot paths.

• Site speed limit should be 5 mph max.

• Avoid storage and travel in sensitive or tree protection areas.

• Decide on site access for weather events – include forklift use on wet or icy ground conditions.

• Determine the rules for forklift use, what areas, flagmen, what storage access.

• Will truck tire washing be necessary?  If so, is the water and traffic slow down manageable?

Most of site traffic management is logical as long as you mentally walk through the site construction plan.  Start off site and work towards your storage areas and most difficult improvement access stations.  Managing this issue in advance of the job start is essential.  Supporting your traffic czar, critical.

The winter months are the most dangerous for people who work outdoors. Often workers succumb to cold weather illness when working outside. However, employees in other industries have ongoing cold exposure, many of them in warm climates.

These workers include:

• Delivery People
• Postal Workers
• Maritime employees
• Food Processing Workers
• Cold storage industry
• Supermarket worker
• Tow truck operators

Cold is punishing to people and exposure to cold has many negative effects that include dehydration, frostbite, numbness, shivering, hypothermia and immersion foot disease.

What Ongoing Cold Exposure Does

Hypothermia
Continued cold exposure first affects the limbs, toes and fingers and then progresses deeper into the body tissues and the core of the body. If the core temperature of the dips below 95 degrees F, the worker has hypothermia. Hypothermia is a dangerous illness and along with frostbite is one of the two most dangerous dangers of working in a cold environment – inside or out.

Frostbite
When a person’s skin is has a severe reaction to cold frostbite can occur. Frostbite freezes the skin and makes crystals of the body fluids including blood. The chilling effect of frostbite is permanent damage to hands and feet, ears, and the nose. When frostbite is severe, the worker may have to undergo an amputation.

Other Dangerous Illnesses
Frostbite and Hypothermia are two most common, cold environment, illnesses workers get from cold exposure. Other significant cold weather injuries include:

• Cold Immersion
• Chilblains
• Trench Foot

Prevention of Cold Weather Injuries   Keeping feet warm and dry is the best prevention measure against trench foot and frostbite of the foot. Boots that have insulation and are waterproof is one type of the many personal protection equipment available for cold weather injury prevention. Other measures include long johns that have insulation, cold weather outer coats, space heaters where possible and other appropriate cold climate measures.

Preventing cold weather injuries is better than treating them and having your construction company’s worker compensation rates rise. Make sure that you take all reasonable measures to prevent these types of injury.