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Something many a landlord has pondered: Do I need to buy habitational insurance if I don’t actually have any renters living in my apartment and condominium complexes right now? If you’re doing renovations, if you’re just sitting on the property right now and not actually leasing it out, do you need habitational coverage, or is there some other policy that will protect your property until you’re ready to start looking for renters? After all, doesn’t “habitational” mean that someone’s living in it?

Habitational policies are there to cover you against general liability claims should a renter suffer injury or damages while on the premises, so it stands to reason that that protection isn’t really necessary for an empty complex.

The short answer: Habitational insurance is only required when you are actually renting to people, but you’ll want to make sure it’s in place before you start looking for tenants. Until you’re actually looking for renters and filing your taxes as a landlord, an apartment complex is kind of just a really, really big house. You can cover an apartment complex under various policies including general liability, property insurance and vacant housing insurance.

The real question is whether or not that’s more hassle than it’s worth.

It’s unlikely that you’re going to be sitting on a vacant apartment complex for any longer than absolutely necessary. The upkeep on an apartment or condo complex is a lot more time, effort and money than it’s worth if you’re not making a return on your investment by renting your units out. If your renovations are finished on the 7th, you might find yourself waiting a few weeks, unable to rent to any new tenants until your habitational policy kicks in at the end of the month.

Ultimately it comes down to whether you’re saving enough to be worth the extra work of creating a whole new insurance package and spending any amount of time without a habitational policy in place. Obviously if you’re building a complex from scratch, you don’t need to worry about habitational insurance until you’re putting the finishing touches on the building. If you’re only going to be out of business for the week or two that it takes to fix a gas leak, then switching your policy up is going to be a lot of extra headaches for no good reason.

So no, you probably don’t need habitational insurance if you’re not renting to any tenants at the moment, but you’ll want to take a moment to think about it before you cancel your coverage.

Railroad insurance is required for covering general liability concerns, and since railroads stretch from state to state, railroad companies generally go for a fairly robust policy in order to ensure that they’re covered no matter what the local laws dictate.

Here’s one thing they’re not required to cover in any of the fifty states in the nation: Cargo.

If you’re new to shipping cargo by rail, this might come as something of a shock. Ships, truck drivers and delivery services typically cover what they carry. Railroad protective liability might not cover cargo at all, unless the company shipping your goods choose to do so of their own accord.

In other words, if you’re shipping through a railroad company, you may wind up needing to provide your own insurance to keep your cargo safe. You have two basic options here:

• Ask About Getting Covered Through The Railroad’s Policy

Although railroad companies are not required to insure the cargo they carry, they might have an option for covering your cargo through their provider. The upside to this is that it’s neat and simple and you usually wind up paying less than if you covered it yourself. The downside is that the coverage might not be as comprehensive as if you were to cover the cargo through your own provider. Your best bet is to look at what your provider can do for you, compare it to your shipper’s deal, and see which plan you like better.

• Cover It Through Your Provider

Most business insurance providers have policies set up to cover cargo as it is shipped by rail. The major upside to covering your cargo through your business policy is that you can get it covered for the entire trip through a single plan. A railroad doesn’t drop your cargo off right at the retailer’s back door, rather, it has to get there by truck. Covering the cargo through your provider will make it easier to cover it for the whole trip.

In that the railroad company is not likely to be held liable for any lost or damaged goods along the way, the general rule of thumb is: The more comprehensive your coverage, the better. An excess coverage policy, for instance, may be a little pricier than letting your umbrella policy handle the job, but it also ensures coverage to a higher value, and against a wider range of mishaps.

One of the tricky things about snow plowing liability is that adverse weather conditions are a defining component of what you do for a living. If it’s really snowing outside, you can take the bus to work instead of driving there. But if your job is to get the snow off the road  so that the bus driver can do their job, then, well, you’re going to be driving in the snow. Without seriously adverse driving conditions, there’d be no need for snow plows in the first place.

Snow plow insurance will generally cover your basic liability considerations, of course, including bodily and property damage. If you have employees, then you’ll be looking into workers compensation, and of course you will need a business owners policy as well as full coverage for the vehicle itself. Some insurers will offer you a better deal than others, but the bottom line is that you’re looking for a robust policy to cover some moderately dangerous work.

Here’s the good news: The stuff that you do to stay safe on icy roads is the same stuff you can do to help get a good deal on your insurance policy. Every provider has their own discounts, their own way of evaluating you as a safe driver and business owner, but in general, just as with driving your car, the safer you are, the less you are likely to wind up paying each month for your insurance.

If this were a piece of clickbait, this is the part where we’d tell you the “1 weird trick” to keep your premiums low:

• Verify Your People

If your new driver comes in with an impressive resume, the quickest way to check their references is to put down the phone and take them to the nearest parking lot. See how they maneuver a snow plow in a controlled environment, hit them with a pop quiz. You can fake references, you can lie on a resume, but you can’t fake ability behind the wheel.

This applies to any sort of business where you’re hiring drivers, but especially when the job also entails the operation of heavy machinery. Basically: Just don’t take your drivers’ abilities for granted. Test your new drivers, and make sure your current drivers take a refresher course around the parking lot to shake off the rust before you put them out on the streets.

Here’s rule number one for managing injuries whether you’re running a youth soccer team, high school football or a rugby team: Don’t even run a practice game unless somebody on hand is trained in first aid.

The easiest way to handle this: Get trained in first aid, or, if someone else manages or coaches the team, have them get training. Now there will always be somebody on hand who knows what to do in the event of an injury.

If you run a sports team for any length of time, injuries are a given. Athletes are going to pull a leg muscle, take a fall or sprain a wrist now and then. Immediate, informed response to these injuries can make the difference between your star player being out for the season, or back on the field in a week. Not only that, it can make the difference between how big of a claim you need to make on your sports team insurance.

• Learn to Identify Concussions

The most immediately recognizable symptoms of a concussion include headache, loss of consciousness, confusion, balance problems, nausea and dizziness. You can check for a concussion by looking at your athlete’s eyes. If the pupils are of unequal size or if they stay dilated (larger) no matter their exposure to light, then you may be dealing with a concussion. Get them to an emergency room as soon as possible, and make sure that they stay awake.

• Muscular Injuries

Dealing with muscular injuries is, thankfully, not as complicated as dealing with a broken bone. If a player complains of difficulty or discomfort moving an arm or a leg, look for swelling or redness, and make sure they stay comfortable until you can get them medical attention.

• Bone Fractures

A broken arm or leg always looks a lot scarier than it really is. With proper medical attention, broken limbs can heal up as good as new within a few months, but you need to act fast. Make sure the athlete stays awake, use smelling salts if you need to. It’s best not to move them, but if you need to get them out of harm’s way, do it carefully. Don’t worry about setting up a splint or anything. You’re not lost in the woods, that’s the paramedics’ job.

• Cuts and Scrapes

Disinfect, clean and bandage cuts and scrapes. Even if it’s going to need stitches, cleaning the area right away is important. Most cuts you can shake off with a band-aid and some ointment. Others may require a visit to the doctor’s office. Keep a first-aid kit on hand and be glad that cuts are pretty easy to manage.

Not only will basic first aid keep your team safe, it will also keep football team insurance premiums low by reducing the number and severity of adult or youth sports insurance claims you need to make.

Most people who drive passengers for a living do so as independent workers. You look at a taxi company and you might assume that those guys are pulling in an hourly wage from the company itself. In truth, a taxi company usually functions more like a rental agency with the drivers actually leasing the vehicles they drive. A cabbie typically spends the first half of the shift making enough to pay off the rental costs, insurance and associated fees, and then the second half of the shift earning money for themselves.

There’s very good money to be found in delivering passengers to their destinations, but there’s a reason why most people who do it do it full time, or at least regularly enough to be worth the cost. If you’re only going to pick up a passenger now and then, then there’s no reason to get involved with Lyft or Uber or to become a taxi driver. You can make gas money for a road trip by soliciting people on Craigslist to pitch in if they’re going the same way. If you want to drive in a professional capacity, you need to consider the costs that go into that, and whether or not you’re willing to work hard enough to cover them and turn a significant profit.

Insurance Costs

If you’re delivering passengers, your normal car insurance policy won’t cover you, and you’re going to need to look into uber driver insurance. Some providers won’t even cover Uber drivers simply because there are so many variables when driving passengers where they need to go. If you’re leasing a cab from a company, the company will provide insurance, but depending on how your state’s DMV regulates the industry, you may or may not wind up needing to buy taxi driver insurance for yourself through the company’s taxi cab insurance provider, much like with a rental car.

Rental Fees

Most cab companies do not use a flat fee, but a percentage. This is typically around one third of the taxi driver’s fares for the shift. If you only make, say, $120 for the shift, it can be tough watching that turn to $80 once you drive back onto the lot. A talented cabbie can make hundreds of dollars in a single night, however, and the company does not get a percentage of your tips.

Fuel

Whether driving a cab or picking up Uber passengers, you’re going to burn through a lot more gas than you would otherwise. A typical ten mile cab ride might cost $30, your cut being $20, and the average fuel efficiency for a 2016 model car being around 30 mpg, so we’re looking at maybe $4 to $6 for every $60 you earn. So around 10% of your take-home pay before taxes.

Driving for a living can be fun and rewarding, but it’s difficult to make a worthwhile profit as a part-timer.

Being an auto mechanic can be tense. If someone brings a toaster in for repairs, you might be out the twenty bucks it costs to replace it. If you make a serious mistake while repairing a car, you’re looking at a slightly bigger insurance claim. People trust you with one of the most important things they own, it’s what they use to get to work, it’s how they pick up their kids, it’s what they ride in to take a vacation. Serious mistakes are relatively few when you’re a professional mechanic, but they can happen. Add to this the fact that you have a team of people working in a noisy, dangerous environment, and it’s no wonder most mechanics insurance packages are pretty robust.

In short, here’s what needs covered:

• Garage Liability

If you’re running a place of business, then some sort of liability policy is par for course. In a garage, your garage liability coverage will provide protection beyond what commercial property liability can offer. A standard commercial liability policy might come with a lot of catches given the nature of the heavy machinery and dangerous work involved in running a garage.

• Equipment Breakdown Coverage

Also known as “boiler and machinery” coverage, this type of insurance covers you for everything from burnout and operator error to power surges and mechanical breakdown. We sometimes forget that heavy machinery can actually be quite delicate against certain damages.

• Garage Keepers Coverage

This is the one that’s going to protect you from a lot of potential lawsuits. Garage keepers coverage is there to ensure that you have a backup plan should something happen to a customer’s vehicle. This is another enhancement to commercial liability. In an office setting, a visitor might pinch their finger in a copy machine. In a garage setting, a malfunctioning ramp could lead to serious axle damage that you don’t want to cover out of pocket.

This is all in addition to the coverage that you would have in any workplace, of course. You need to be protected from things like theft and fire, you need coverage to provide for workers compensation and so on. The above-listed auto mechanics insurance policies simply mean that, even in a workplace as potentially volatile as an auto garage, you, your customers, and your employees will be covered just in case something goes wrong that couldn’t go wrong in an office or a grocery store.